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Cyberattacks using ransomware are one of the main threats for companies all over the world, and Spain is the tenth most affected country. This article, the first in a series dedicated to this subject, will provide a detailed list of recommendations for preventative measures dedicated to hardening in order to deal with such attacks.

With the arrival of industry 4.0 to companies’ productive processes, including IIoT and Cloud, the need to control and monitor the ICS that remotely make them up arises. However, said access points should be established securely and in a controlled manner, mainly due to the criticality of these assets. This article discusses good practices, tools and methods that can be used to establish remote connections to OT networks as securely as possible.

The main security standards and best practice guidelines in industrial cybersecurity include as a requirement the need for a user authentication system. The options involve implementations in each device of this system or being integrated into a centralised user authentication system. One of the most-used options is the use of the LDAP protocol, but there are a number of points to consider in the design phase, which are key when implementing a specific centralised user management system for industrial control systems, under LDAP.

The defence in depth and, especially, the definition of Zones and Conduits is a subject considered by many experts as a "theoretical" matter. However, with the help of this article, the user will understand its applicability by explaining the keys to approach the creation of Zones and Conduits, as well as the elements that come into play.